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GH-34332: [Go][FlightRPC] Add driver for `database/sql` framework (#34331)

### Rationale for this change

Using Golang's `database/sql` framework is well known, offers goodies like connection pooling and is easy to use. Therefore using FlightSQL trough this framework is a good starting point for users performing simple queries, inserts etc.

### What changes are included in this PR?

This PR adds an `database/sql/driver` implementation currently supporting `sqlite` and `InfluxData IOx` (query only). Unit-tests are added using the SQLite server example implementation and the driver and driver settings are documented.

### Are these changes tested?

Yes, a test-suite is added for the driver. Futhermore, the IOx backend is additionally tested against a real local instance using [this code](https://github.com/srebhan/go-flightsql-example).

### Are there any user-facing changes?

This PR does not contain breaking changes. All modifications to the FlightSQL client code are transparent to the user.
* Closes: #34332

Authored-by: Sven Rebhan <srebhan@influxdata.com>
Signed-off-by: Matt Topol <zotthewizard@gmail.com>