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GH-38402: [CI][Integration] Provide wrapper scripts for integration testing (#38403)

### Rationale for this change

It is currently cumbersome to run integration tests from an other repository, as each tested implementation must be built explicitly.

See explanatory comment at https://github.com/apache/arrow-rs/pull/4957#issuecomment-1771707301

### What changes are included in this PR?

Provide a wrapper script to automate building the implementations being tested.

Allow usage of environment variables such as `ARROW_INTEGRATION_CPP`, etc. to selectively disable implementations.

### Are these changes tested?

Yes, by construction.

### Are there any user-facing changes?

No.
* Closes: #38402

Authored-by: Antoine Pitrou <antoine@python.org>
Signed-off-by: Sutou Kouhei <kou@clear-code.com>