arrow

GH-43702: [C++][FS][Azure] Use the latest Azurite and update the bundled Azure SDK for C++ to azure-identity_1.9.0 (#43723)

### Rationale for this change

Some our CI jobs (such as conda based jobs) use recent Azure SDK for C++ and they require latest Azurite. We need to update Azurite for these jobs.

I wanted to use the latest Azurite on all environments but I didn't. Because I want to keep using `apt install nodejs` on old Ubuntu for easy to maintain.

### What changes are included in this PR?

* Use the latest Azurite if possible
* Use `--skipApiVersionCheck` for old Azurite
* Update the bundled Azure SDK for C++
  * This is not required. It's for detecting this problem in many CI jobs.

### Are these changes tested?

Yes.

### Are there any user-facing changes?

No.

* GitHub Issue: fix #41505
* GitHub Issue: #43702

Authored-by: Sutou Kouhei <kou@clear-code.com>
Signed-off-by: Sutou Kouhei <kou@clear-code.com>