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GH-39013: [Go][Integration] Support cABI import/export of StringView (#39019)



### Rationale for this change

The Go implementation should support import/export of the new data types. This will enable integration testing between the C++ and Go implementations.

### What changes are included in this PR?

Added import/export for the new data types and arrays of data of those types.

### Are these changes tested?

Yes, they will be covered by the integration tests and existing Go unit tests.

### Are there any user-facing changes?

This is a user facing change

* Closes: #39013

Lead-authored-by: Benjamin Kietzman <bengilgit@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Matt Topol <zotthewizard@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Felipe Oliveira Carvalho <felipekde@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Matt Topol <zotthewizard@gmail.com>