arrow

GH-38345: [Release] Use local test data for verification if possible (#38362)

### Rationale for this change

We have external test data repositories, apache/arrow-testing and apache/parquet-testing. We use them as submodule. apache/arrow may not use the latest test data repositories. But our verification script always use the latest test data repositories. It may cause test failures.

### What changes are included in this PR?

Use local test data if they exist.

### Are these changes tested?

Yes.

### Are there any user-facing changes?

No.
* Closes: #38345

Authored-by: Sutou Kouhei <kou@clear-code.com>
Signed-off-by: Raúl Cumplido <raulcumplido@gmail.com>