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GH-39515: [Python] Pass in type to `MapType.from_arrays` (#39516)



### Rationale for this change

For Iceberg we want to add metadata type the type (the field-id), therefore we need to pass in the type analog to what we do for `ListArray.from_arrays(self, offsets, values, DataType type=None, MemoryPool pool=None, mask=None)`.

### What changes are included in this PR?

Updated a keyword argument for the `type`, and make sure that the the static method to create the MapType is exposed from the cpp side.

### Are these changes tested?

I've added a simple test.

### Are there any user-facing changes?

* Closes: #39515

Authored-by: Fokko Driesprong <fokko@tabular.io>
Signed-off-by: AlenkaF <frim.alenka@gmail.com>