pybind11

`PYBIND11_PLATFORM_ABI_ID` Modernization Continued (platforms other than MSVC) (#5439)

* THIS IS JUST A START: First attempt to combine information from PR #4953 and PR #5437

* Include GXX_ABI and USE_CXX in the identifier

Further constrain to GXX_ABI 1002 or greater and less than 2000,
hopefully future proof by summarizing that as `1` along with CXX11 on or
off.

* style: pre-commit fixes

* Use `gxx_abi_1xxx` and simplify the Clang string

After discussions with Ralf Grosse-Kunstleve we think these would make
good identifiers that are concise and clear.

* Error if `_GLIBCXX_USE_CXX11_ABI` is not defined

Within the `__GXX_ABI_VERSION` block this should always be defined,
guard against unexpected defines and make the error obvious.

* Change `usecxx11` to `use_cxx11_abi` for correspondence with `_GLIBCXX_USE_CXX11_ABI` (similarly to `gxx_abi` for `__GXX_ABI_VERSION`).

* `PYBIND11_COMPILER_TYPE` overhaul, mainly: replace `_icc`, `_clang`, `_gcc` with `_system`

* Add NVHPC (__PGI) to the list of compilers compatible with system compiler.

See comment by @robertmaynard: https://github.com/pybind/pybind11/pull/5439#issuecomment-2498839010

* Fix oversight: remove __NVCOMPILER elif branch in PYBIND11_BUILD_ABI block.

Also add comment pointing to this PR (#5439).

* Revert "Fix oversight: remove __NVCOMPILER elif branch in PYBIND11_BUILD_ABI block."

This reverts commit d412303e727923571bfd9b907809b1d73a045b34.

* Revert "Add NVHPC (__PGI) to the list of compilers compatible with system compiler."

This reverts commit 9fc951588594c48d4bfd440cd985ffee7be57ae4.

* Define NVHPC PYBIND11_BUILD_ABI using __GNUC__, __GNUC_MINOR__, _GLIBCXX_USE_CXX11_ABI

* Use _GLIBCXX_USE_CXX11_ABI to detect libstdc++, then assume that NVHPC is always in the 1xxx ABI family.

* Enhance NVHPC comment and limited future proofing.

* The `PYBIND11_STDLIB` is obsolete but kept around to maintain backward compatibility.

* Move `PYBIND11_BUILD_TYPE` down in the file, so that the order of macro definitions is the same as in the list defining `PYBIND11_PLATFORM_ABI_ID`

* Introduce `PYBIND11_COMPILER_TYPE_LEADING_UNDERSCORE`:

This makes it possible to achieve these two goals:

* Avoid the leading underscore in `PYBIND11_PLATFORM_ABI_ID` (see https://github.com/pybind/pybind11/pull/5439#issuecomment-2503762161)

* Maintain backward compatibility for use cases as reported under https://github.com/pybind/pybind11/pull/5439#issuecomment-2510212677

`PYBIND11_INTERNALS_KIND` is removed in this commit to ensure that `PYBIND11_COMPILER_TYPE` is the first element of the `PYBIND11_PLATFORM_ABI_ID`, so that `PYBIND11_COMPILER_TYPE_LEADING_UNDERSCORE` can meaningfully be used as a prefix for `PYBIND11_PLATFORM_ABI_ID` in pybind11/detail/internals.h.

* Apply suggestion by @isuruf, with revised comments (code is as suggested).

* Make determination of `PYBIND11_COMPILER_TYPE` `"macos"` or `"glibc"` more general.

The main motivation is to resolve these "Manylinux on 🐍 3.13t • GIL" and "Pyodide wheel" failures:

```
/__w/pybind11/pybind11/include/pybind11/conduit/pybind11_platform_abi_id.h:35:10: error: #error "Unknown PYBIND11_COMPILER_TYPE: PLEASE REVISE THIS CODE."
   35 | #        error "Unknown PYBIND11_COMPILER_TYPE: PLEASE REVISE THIS CODE."
      |          ^~~~~
```

(All other CI jobs succeeded.)

Further thought:

Essentially, under Linux and macOS the `PYBIND11_COMPILER_TYPE` is only for informational purposes.
ABI compatibility is determined by the libstdc++ or libc++ ABI version.

* Add `PYBIND11_COMPILER_TYPE` `emscripten`

* Add `PYBIND11_COMPILER_TYPE` `graalvm`

* Revert "Add `PYBIND11_COMPILER_TYPE` `graalvm`"

This reverts commit 75da5fbfd95cb6f431123a92d9fb5885e6c71fc2.

* Revert "Add `PYBIND11_COMPILER_TYPE` `emscripten`"

This reverts commit e34dc8b511d9f4dba0d128f9cf043f23fd155894.

* Revert "Make determination of `PYBIND11_COMPILER_TYPE` `"macos"` or `"glibc"` more general."

This reverts commit 41daaa41fadd03ede9bdd9479c8ddf4d143330bf.

* Revert "Apply suggestion by @isuruf, with revised comments (code is as suggested)."

This reverts commit ca9e6990deb9a57f21cba0879499600addeadf06.

* Remove `defined(__INTEL_COMPILER)` as suggested by @hpkfft under https://github.com/pybind/pybind11/pull/5439#discussion_r1889156543

---------

Co-authored-by: Marcus D. Hanwell <marcus@cryos.net>
Co-authored-by: pre-commit-ci[bot] <66853113+pre-commit-ci[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>