onnxruntime

Bump version of Dawn to 12a3b24c4 (#23002)

### Description

Upgrade version of Dawn.

Removed dawn.patch, because all patches are included in upstream.

Updated code that affected by API changes (`const char*` ->
`WGPUStringView`)


### Motivation and Context
<!-- - Why is this change required? What problem does it solve?
- If it fixes an open issue, please link to the issue here. -->