LightGBM

[ci] Move check-docs and lint jobs off Travis (#3726)

* [ci] Move check-docs and lint jobs off Travis

* Apply suggestions from code review

Co-authored-by: Nikita Titov <nekit94-08@mail.ru>

* try moving check-docs into a containerized job

* add install flag and README badge

* trying to find the error

* ignore pipefail

* remove -e

* Apply suggestions from code review

Co-authored-by: Nikita Titov <nekit94-08@mail.ru>

* more changes

* additional changes

* Update .github/workflows/static_analysis.yml

* Update README.md

Co-authored-by: Nikita Titov <nekit94-08@mail.ru>

* move constants

Co-authored-by: Nikita Titov <nekit94-08@mail.ru>