emsdk

Replace update_bazel_workspace.sh with a python script (#1271)

This script is (IMO) more readable, but the real reason for this change is that
it raises an error message when the binary package fails to download. (The shell
script silently generated a bogus hash instead, because the shell's `set -e`
builtin does not affect commands executing inside a $() context.
It seemed just as easy to rewrite the script in Python as to fix that.

This change also updates some outdated filename references.