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GH-39064: [C++][Parquet] Support row group filtering for nested paths for struct fields (#39065)

### Rationale for this change

Currently when filtering with a nested field reference, we were taking the corresponding parquet SchemaField for just the first index of the nested path, i.e. the parent node in the Parquet schema. But logically, filtering on statistics only works for a primitive leaf node.

This PR changes that logic to iterate over all indices of the FieldPath, if nested, to ensure we use the actual corresponding child leaf node of the ParquetSchema to get the statistics from.

### Are there any user-facing changes?

No, only improving performance by doing the filtering at the row group stage, instead of afterwards on the read data

* Closes: #39064

Authored-by: Joris Van den Bossche <jorisvandenbossche@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Joris Van den Bossche <jorisvandenbossche@gmail.com>