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ARROW-3931: [C++] Make possible to build regardless of LANG

At the time of building C++ libs, CompilerInfo.cmake checks the version of compiler to be used.
How to check is string matching of output of gcc -v or like clang -v.
When LANG is not related to English, build will fail because string match fails.
The following is the case of  ja_JP.UTF-8 (Japanese).

```
CMake Error at cmake_modules/CompilerInfo.cmake:92 (message):
  Unknown compiler.  Version info:

  組み込み spec を使用しています。

  COLLECT_GCC=/usr/bin/c++

  COLLECT_LTO_WRAPPER=/usr/libexec/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.5/lto-wrapper

  ターゲット: x86_64-redhat-linux

  configure 設定: ../configure --prefix=/usr --mandir=/usr/share/man
  --infodir=/usr/share/info --with-bugurl=http://bugzilla.redhat.com/bugzilla
  --enable-bootstrap --enable-shared --enable-threads=posix
  --enable-checking=release --with-system-zlib --enable-__cxa_atexit
  --disable-libunwind-exceptions --enable-gnu-unique-object
  --enable-linker-build-id --with-linker-hash-style=gnu
  --enable-languages=c,c++,objc,obj-c++,java,fortran,ada,go,lto
  --enable-plugin --enable-initfini-array --disable-libgcj
  --with-isl=/builddir/build/BUILD/gcc-4.8.5-20150702/obj-x86_64-redhat-linux/isl-install
  --with-cloog=/builddir/build/BUILD/gcc-4.8.5-20150702/obj-x86_64-redhat-linux/cloog-install
  --enable-gnu-indirect-function --with-tune=generic --with-arch_32=x86-64
  --build=x86_64-redhat-linux

  スレッドモデル: posix

  gcc バージョン 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-11) (GCC)
```

I fixed this issue by modifying CompilerInfo.cmake.

Author: sarutak <sarutak@oss.nttdata.co.jp>
Author: Wes McKinney <wesm+git@apache.org>

Closes #3077 from sarutak/fix-CompilerInfo and squashes the following commits:

0de995ef6 <Wes McKinney> Create compiler version command as list to appease MSVC
199117d00 <sarutak> Fixed to set LANG=C only when Unix or Apple
87d3d1715 <sarutak> Fixed CompilerInfo to make possible to build regardless of LANG