arrow

ARROW-12569: [R] [CI]  Run revdep in CI

This runs reverse dependency checks using {revdepchecks}. The way that works is by installing a release version of arrow and the current development version (i.e. from the git checkout), and then runs checks on each of the reverse dependencies first with the release (called "old" in {revdepcheck}'s terms) and with the development version ("new" in {revdepcheck}'s terms). Then it compares the outputs and will only fail if there is a failure in the new check that is not in the old check.

I've customized the output a bit so that it prints any errors that come up in either (in the revdepcheck problems step) so we can more easily diagnose, but it will only fail if there are new errors.

One thing that I tried and was unable to do is to find a way to cache packages+info across runs. The github cache action will create a cache, but because of how they are run on crossbow (i.e. on different branches) the caches are never accessible in different runs. I've kept the cacheing step in for now, if we could find a way to (manually?) run this on the main branch like https://github.com/ursacomputing/crossbow/blob/master/.github/workflows/cache_vcpkg.yml before we use this heavily (i.e. likely only around a release) that would create a cache that could be used to speed up some of the jobs.

Closes #10345 from jonkeane/ARROW-12569-revdepcheck

Authored-by: Jonathan Keane <jkeane@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Keane <jkeane@gmail.com>