arrow

GH-44478: [GLib] Prevent Arrow::ExtensionType.new (#44498)



### Rationale for this change

This change fixes GH-44478

### What changes are included in this PR?

This change Prevent `Arrow::ExtensionType.new`. This change fixes segmentation fault.

### Are these changes tested?

YES

Before this change: Cause segmentation fault.
After this change: raise the exception(TypeError)

### Are there any user-facing changes?

N/A

Co-Authored-by: Sutou Kouhei <kou@ clear-code.com>
* GitHub Issue: #44478

Authored-by: Hiroyuki Sato <hiroysato@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Sutou Kouhei <kou@clear-code.com>