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GH-38703: [C++][FS][Azure] Implement DeleteFile() (#39840)

### Rationale for this change

`DeleteFile()` API isn't implemented yet.

### What changes are included in this PR?

Implement `DeleteFile()` by the "Delete Blob" API: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/rest/api/storageservices/delete-blob

### Are these changes tested?

I tested the modification by creating a file via the web browser on our internal ADLS, then ran a sample program that deleted the file. I added three regression tests to cover the use case scenarios of:

* A valid delete attempt, where "valid" means that the file exists and is indeed a file
* An intentional failure where a file delete is attempted, but the file does not exist
* An intentional failure where a file delete is attempted, but the target is a container
* An intentional failure where a file delete is attempted, but the target is a directory

### Are there any user-facing changes?

Yes.

* Closes: #38703

Lead-authored-by: av8or1 <fivetomins@yahoo.com>
Co-authored-by: jerry.adair <Jerry.Adair@sas.com>
Co-authored-by: Sutou Kouhei <kou@cozmixng.org>
Signed-off-by: Sutou Kouhei <kou@clear-code.com>