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GH-40592: [C++][Parquet] Implement SizeStatistics (#40594)

### Rationale for this change

Parquet format 2.10.0 has introduced SizeStatistics. parquet-mr has also implemented this: https://github.com/apache/parquet-mr/pull/1177. Now it is time for parquet-cpp to pick the ball.

### What changes are included in this PR?

Implement reading and writing size statistics for parquet-cpp.

### Are these changes tested?

Yes, a bunch of test cases have been added.

### Are there any user-facing changes?

Yes, now parquet users are able to read and write size statistics.

* GitHub Issue: #40592

Authored-by: Gang Wu <ustcwg@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Antoine Pitrou <antoine@python.org>