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GH-34813: [C++] Improve GoogleTest detection (#34920)

### Rationale for this change

#34765 approach has some corner cases. They causes CI failures.

### What changes are included in this PR?

If incompatible GoogleTest is detected, we can fallback to bundled GoogleTest automatically.

### Are these changes tested?

Yes.

### Are there any user-facing changes?

Yes.
* Closes: #34813

Authored-by: Sutou Kouhei <kou@clear-code.com>
Signed-off-by: Sutou Kouhei <kou@clear-code.com>