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GH-37712: [Go][Parquet] Fix ARM64 assembly for bitmap extract bits (#37785)



### Rationale for this change
The linked issue discovered a problem with the ARM64 implementation of the extractBits functionality which was being hidden because until `go1.21`, it looks like `golang.org/x/sys/cpu` wasn't properly detecting the ASIMD bit flag on the ARM processors and so it was using the pure go implementation. So we fix the assembly and add a test which was able to reproduce the failure without the fix on an ARM64 machine. 

### What changes are included in this PR?
There was a problem with the assembly as it existed as the short circuit case where the selection bitmap is 0 wasn't actually setting the 0 value back onto the stack as a return. The assembly which initialized that register to 0 only occurred AFTER the `CBZ` instruction which would jump to the bottom and return. This means that we *actually* returned whatever happened to be on the stack at that location (i.e. garbage!). This only occurred if you were using the ARM64-specific assembly implementation, not the amd64 or pure go versions.

We also include a test to ensure we get the correct values for a variety of bitmaps and selections, along with this ensuring there's enough data on the stack so that if this problem re-occured we would catch it in this test.

### Are these changes tested?
Test is added.

* Closes: #37712

Lead-authored-by: Matt Topol <zotthewizard@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Antoine Pitrou <pitrou@free.fr>
Signed-off-by: Matt Topol <zotthewizard@gmail.com>