arrow

GH-37710: [C++][Integration] Add C++ Utf8View implementation  (#37792)



### Rationale for this change

After the PR changing the spec and schema ( https://github.com/apache/arrow/pull/37526 ) is accepted, this PR will be undrafted. It adds the minimal addition of a C++ implementation and was extracted from the original C++ Utf8View pr ( https://github.com/apache/arrow/pull/35628 ) for ease of review.

### What changes are included in this PR?

- The new types are available with new subclasses of DataType, Array, ArrayBuilder, ...
- The values of string view arrays can be visited as `std::string_view` as with StringArray
- String view arrays can be round tripped through IPC and integration JSON

* Closes: #37710

Relevant mailing list discussions: 
* https://lists.apache.org/thread/l8t1vj5x1wdf75mdw3wfjvnxrfy5xomy
* https://lists.apache.org/thread/3qhkomvvc69v3gkotbwldyko7yk9cs9k

Authored-by: Benjamin Kietzman <bengilgit@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Benjamin Kietzman <bengilgit@gmail.com>