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GH-37141: [GLib][FlightRPC] Add more ArrowFlight::ClientOptions properties (#37142)

### Rationale for this change

ArrowFlight::ClientOptions only has `disable-server-verification` property for now.

### What changes are included in this PR?

Add the following properties:

* `tls-root-certificates`
* `override-host-name`
* `certificate-chain`
* `private-key`
* `write-size-limit-bytes`

### Are these changes tested?

Yes.

### Are there any user-facing changes?

Yes.
* Closes: #37141

Authored-by: Sutou Kouhei <kou@clear-code.com>
Signed-off-by: Sutou Kouhei <kou@clear-code.com>