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GH-40819: [Java] Adding Spotless to Algorithm module (#41825)

### Rationale for this change

Adding code style and formatting options for Algorithm module. 

### What changes are included in this PR?

Code formatting spotless plugin has been added. 

### Are these changes tested?

Yes, but doesn't involve test cases, the plugin itself corrects. 

### Are there any user-facing changes?

No
* GitHub Issue: #40819

Lead-authored-by: Vibhatha Abeykoon <vibhatha@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Vibhatha Lakmal Abeykoon <vibhatha@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: David Li <li.davidm96@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: David Li <li.davidm96@gmail.com>