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GH-34742: [Java] Split flight-sql-jdbc-driver to facilitate reuse (#34678)

### Rationale for this change

`flight-sql-jdbc-driver` module contains a set of utilities to implement JDBC support backed by arrow vectors. However, it employs maven shade plugin which is hard to make it a dependecy of external projects.

### What changes are included in this PR?

This patch splits `flight-sql-jdbc-driver` module into two separate modules: `flight-sql-jdbc-core` and `flight-sql-jdbc-driver`. `flight-sql-jdbc-core` contains almost every thing in the original module except the shade plugin. `flight-sql-jdbc-driver` only shades `flight-sql-jdbc-core`.

### Are these changes tested?

Make sure all tests pass.

### Are there any user-facing changes?

No.
* Closes: #20730
* Closes: #34742

Authored-by: Gang Wu <ustcwg@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: David Li <li.davidm96@gmail.com>