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GH-44770: [Java] Update minor protobuf version to avoid CVE-2024-7254 (#44775)

### Rationale for this change

There seems to be a CVE affecting our current dependency:
https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-735f-pc8j-v9w8

### What changes are included in this PR?

Update to latest minor which solves the issue.

### Are these changes tested?

Via CI

### Are there any user-facing changes?

No
* GitHub Issue: #44770

Authored-by: Raúl Cumplido <raulcumplido@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: David Li <li.davidm96@gmail.com>