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GH-43119: [CI][Packaging] Update manylinux 2014 CentOS repos that have been deprecated (#43121)

### Rationale for this change

Jobs are failing to find mirrorlist.centos.org

### What changes are included in this PR?

Updating repos based on solution from: https://github.com/apache/arrow/issues/43119#issuecomment-2203534492

### Are these changes tested?

Via archery

### Are there any user-facing changes?
No
* GitHub Issue: #43119

Lead-authored-by: Raúl Cumplido <raulcumplido@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Sutou Kouhei <kou@clear-code.com>
Co-authored-by: Sutou Kouhei <kou@cozmixng.org>
Signed-off-by: Raúl Cumplido <raulcumplido@gmail.com>