arrow

ARROW-13204: [MATLAB] Update documentation for the MATLAB Interface to reflect latest CMake build system changes

# Overview

This pull request:

1. Updates the high level documentation for the MATLAB interface in `arrow/matlab/README.md` to reflect the latest CMake build system changes that were merged upstream as part of [#12004](https://github.com/apache/arrow/pull/12004).

# Implementation

1. Restructured the `README.md` to focus on the most common build and test workflows for the MATLAB interface.

# Testing

N/A

# Future Directions

1. To be consistent and in-model with the other language bindings (e.g. Python, R, C++, etc.) - we plan to author in-depth technical documentation over time under [`arrow/docs/source/matlab`](https://github.com/apache/arrow/tree/master/docs/source) using the [reStructedText (.rst) format](https://docutils.sourceforge.io/rst.html). The thought behind this `README.md` documentation is to provide a convenient "landing page" for the MATLAB interface which allows end users to quickly get a sense of where the project is at and to get started immediately with building and running the interface. However, every user and developer will have different use cases and needs for working with the MATLAB interface, so we will also want include in-depth documentation for major topics like building, installing, testing, contributing, usage, etc. As the MATLAB interface continues to develop, we will do our best to keep the documentation in sync with the source code.

# Notes

1. Thank you to @lafiona for her help writing this updated documentation!

Closes #12389 from kevingurney/ARROW-13204

Lead-authored-by: Kevin Gurney <kgurney@mathworks.com>
Co-authored-by: Kevin Gurney <5904145+kevingurney@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Fiona La <fionala@mathworks.com>
Signed-off-by: Sutou Kouhei <kou@clear-code.com>