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GH-32190: [C++][Compute] Implement cumulative prod, max and min functions (#36020)



### Rationale for this change

Implement cumulative prod, max and min compute functions
### What changes are included in this PR?

1. Add implementations, docs and tests for the three functions.
2. Refactor `CumulativeSumOptions` to `CumulativeOptions` for reusability.
3. Fix a bug where `GenericFromScalar(GenericToScalar(std::nullopt))  != std::nullopt`.
4. Remove an unnecessary Cast with the default start value.
5. Add tests to check behavior with `NaN`.

I'll explain some of the changes in comments.

### Are these changes tested?

Yes, in vector_accumulative_ops_test.cc and test_compute.py

### Are there any user-facing changes?

No. The data members of `CumulativeSumOptions` are changed, but the member functions behave as before. And std::optional<T> also can be constructed directly from T. So users should not feel any difference.
* Closes: #32190

Lead-authored-by: Jin Shang <shangjin1997@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Benjamin Kietzman <bengilgit@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Benjamin Kietzman <bengilgit@gmail.com>