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ARROW-756: [C++] MSVC build fixes and cleanup, remove -fPIC flag from EP builds on Windows, Dev docs

Includes existing patch for ARROW-757 and closes #492

With this patch I'm able to build with

```
cmake -G "NMake Makefiles" -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release ..
nmake
```

Author: Wes McKinney <wes.mckinney@twosigma.com>
Author: Max Risuhin <risuhin.max@gmail.com>

Closes #500 from wesm/ARROW-757-2 and squashes the following commits:

106e454 [Wes McKinney] Notes about MSVC solution file
f34adf2 [Wes McKinney] Windows developer guide
43e5f3f [Wes McKinney] More MSVC cleaning / fixes. Remove -fPIC flags from builds
ec7805e [Max Risuhin] ARROW-757: [C++] Resolve nmake build issues on Windows