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GH-36199: [Python][CI][Spark] Update spark versions used on our nightly tests (#36347)

### Rationale for this change

We are currently testing with very old or deprecated spark versions.

### What changes are included in this PR?

Update the spark versions to be tested.

### Are these changes tested?

They will via archery

### Are there any user-facing changes?

No
* Closes: #36199

Authored-by: Raúl Cumplido <raulcumplido@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Jacob Wujciak-Jens <jacob@wujciak.de>