arrow

ARROW-11357: [Rust]: Fix out-of-bounds reads in `take` and other undefined behavior

This PR fixes two major issues in our `take` kernel for primitive arrays.

Background

* When using `values()` from an array, it is important to remember that only certain values are not arbitrary (those whose null bit is set / no buffer).

* When reading values from an array using `array.value(i)`, it is important to remember that it currently performs no bound checks.

* `take` offers an option to deactivate bound checks, by turning an error in a panic. that option defaults to not check (i.e. `panic`)

however, `take` kernel respects none of the points above:
* it reads and uses arbitrary indices
* it accesses out of bound values
* it does not panic when `check_bounds = false` (it instead reads out of bounds)

Specifically, it is currently doing something like the following (ignoring some details):

```rust
let indices = indices.values();
for index in indices {
    let index = index.to_usize();
    let taken_value = values.value(index)
}
```

I.e.

* there is no check that `index` is a valid slot
* there is no check that `index < values.len()`.

Independently, each of them is unsound. Combined, they allow for spectacular unbounded memory reads: reading from a pointer offsetted by an arbitrary value. 🤯

This PR fixes this behavior. This PR also improves performance by 20-40% (thanks to @Dandandan and @tyrelr great suggestions).

```
Your branch is ahead of 'origin/take_fix' by 1 commit.
  (use "git push" to publish your local commits)
   Compiling arrow v4.0.0-SNAPSHOT (/Users/jorgecarleitao/projects/arrow/rust/arrow)
    Finished bench [optimized] target(s) in 1m 25s
     Running /Users/jorgecarleitao/projects/arrow/rust/target/release/deps/take_kernels-683d8fd1eeba5497
Gnuplot not found, using plotters backend
take i32 512            time:   [1.0477 us 1.0519 us 1.0564 us]
                        change: [-25.007% -23.339% -21.840%] (p = 0.00 < 0.05)
                        Performance has improved.
Found 4 outliers among 100 measurements (4.00%)
  2 (2.00%) high mild
  2 (2.00%) high severe

take i32 1024           time:   [1.4949 us 1.4996 us 1.5049 us]
                        change: [-34.066% -31.907% -29.853%] (p = 0.00 < 0.05)
                        Performance has improved.
Found 7 outliers among 100 measurements (7.00%)
  4 (4.00%) high mild
  3 (3.00%) high severe

take i32 nulls 512      time:   [976.65 ns 983.09 ns 991.99 ns]
                        change: [-45.076% -39.795% -35.157%] (p = 0.00 < 0.05)
                        Performance has improved.
Found 9 outliers among 100 measurements (9.00%)
  1 (1.00%) low mild
  3 (3.00%) high mild
  5 (5.00%) high severe

take i32 nulls 1024     time:   [1.3249 us 1.3278 us 1.3309 us]
                        change: [-32.887% -31.666% -30.524%] (p = 0.00 < 0.05)
                        Performance has improved.
Found 8 outliers among 100 measurements (8.00%)
  3 (3.00%) high mild
  5 (5.00%) high severe
```

Closes #9301 from jorgecarleitao/take_fix

Authored-by: Jorge C. Leitao <jorgecarleitao@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Lamb <andrew@nerdnetworks.org>