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GH-41400: [MATLAB] Bump `libmexclass` version to commit `ca3cea6` (#41436)



### Rationale for this change

@ kevingurney and I recently resolved multiple issues related to `mathworks/libmexclass` not supporting ARM-based macOS builds (i.e. builds on `macos-14`):

- mathworks/libmexclass#76
- mathworks/libmexclass#77

We should bump the version of mathworks/libmexclass used by the MATLAB interface to the latest available commit ([ca3cea6](https://github.com/mathworks/libmexclass/commit/ca3cea6bf1ba5e9d86210bd207d643493e8d45f6) as of now) in order to enable building the MATLAB interface to Arrow on `macos-14` (which is ARM-based).

### What changes are included in this PR?

- Bumped version of `mathworks/libmexclass` used by the MATLAB interface to [ca3cea6](https://github.com/mathworks/libmexclass/commit/ca3cea6bf1ba5e9d86210bd207d643493e8d45f6)

### Are these changes tested?

- Yes. The existing test points verify verify upgrading `mathworks/libmexclass` does not break the MATLAB interface.

### Are there any user-facing changes?

- No. 

### Future Directions

- #41435
- #41385

* GitHub Issue: #41400

Authored-by: Sarah Gilmore <sgilmore@mathworks.com>
Signed-off-by: Sarah Gilmore <sgilmore@mathworks.com>