arrow

GH-41560: [C++] ChunkResolver: Implement ResolveMany and add unit tests (#41561)

### Rationale for this change

I want `ResolveMany` to support me in the implementation of `Take` that doesn't `Concatenate` all the chunks from a `ChunkedArray` `values` parameter.

### What changes are included in this PR?

 - Implementation of `ChunkResolver::ResolveMany()`
 - Addition of missing unit tests for `ChunkResolver`

### Are these changes tested?

Yes. By new unit tests.

### Are there any user-facing changes?

No. `ChunkResolver` is an internal API at the moment (see #34535 for future plans).
* GitHub Issue: #41560

Authored-by: Felipe Oliveira Carvalho <felipekde@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Felipe Oliveira Carvalho <felipekde@gmail.com>