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MINOR: [Go][CI][Benchmarking] Debian Benchmarking uses incorrect Go version (#14985)

The Go 1.17 build/run for Debian uses the docker image to run the tests, which will have the correct Go version, but uses the Runner's version of Go for running the benchmarking. As a result, the Go1.17 run wasn't using Go1.17 for the benchmark runs. 

In addition because the compute package is no longer an entirely separate module, it's not necessary to explicitly have the `go_bench.sh` script separately invoke the compute package's benchmarks. They will be included with `./...` when run with Go >= 1.18

Authored-by: Matt Topol <zotthewizard@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Matt Topol <zotthewizard@gmail.com>