arrow

GH-36026: [C++][ORC] Catch all ORC exceptions to avoid crash (#40697)

### Rationale for this change

When /usr/share/zoneinfo is unavailable and TZDIR env is unset, creating C++ ORC reader will crash on Windows. We need to eagerly check this and prevent followup crash.

### What changes are included in this PR?

Eagerly check TZDB availability before creating ORC reader/writer.

### Are these changes tested?

Yes, added a test case to make sure the check work as expected.

### Are there any user-facing changes?

Users on Windows (or other cases when TZDB is not availble) will clearly see this error message instead of crash.
* GitHub Issue: #36026

Authored-by: Gang Wu <ustcwg@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Antoine Pitrou <antoine@python.org>