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GH-40495: [GLib] Use G_DECLARE_DERIVABLE_TYPE() (#40497)

### Rationale for this change

Using `G_DECLARE_DERIVABLE_TYPE()` or its family is the recommended way to declare a class (type).

### What changes are included in this PR?

Replace raw `#define`s with `G_DECLARE_DERIVABLE_TYPE()`.

### Are these changes tested?

Yes.

### Are there any user-facing changes?

No.
* GitHub Issue: #40495

Authored-by: Sutou Kouhei <kou@clear-code.com>
Signed-off-by: Sutou Kouhei <kou@clear-code.com>