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ARROW-795: [C++] Consolidate arrow/arrow_io/arrow_ipc into a single shared and static library

This leaves c_glib in a broken state, since I'd rather let @kou fix up things the way he prefers (I started refactoring the automake files and realized I would probably just make a mess).

I'm going to submit a patch to make parquet-cpp work on top of this.

Author: Wes McKinney <wes.mckinney@twosigma.com>
Author: Kouhei Sutou <kou@clear-code.com>

Closes #516 from wesm/ARROW-795 and squashes the following commits:

7221e66 [Kouhei Sutou] Update arrow-glib after codebase consolidation
207749c [Wes McKinney] Consolidate arrow/arrow_io/arrow_ipc into a single shared and static library