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GH-35788: [Swift] bug fixes and change reader/writer to user Result type (#35774)

Changes:
- Changed Reader and Writer to use Result<T, Error> instead of throwing.  Since the Error is an enum the handling of the error is enforced.
- Update RecordBatch to accept only a single array per column instead of chunked arrays (which could cause problems when writing out)
- Added ability for Table to be created from RecordBatches
- Fixed a bug with indexing in Chunked array with many arrays 
- Added tests for the above changes.
- Switched ValidationErrors to ArrowError and added additional ArrowError values.

* Closes: #35788

Authored-by: Alva Bandy <abandy@live.com>
Signed-off-by: Sutou Kouhei <kou@clear-code.com>