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GH-40395: [C++] Avoid simplifying expressions which call impure functions (#40396)



### Rationale for this change
Fix a problem when we call `SimplifyWithGuarantee` evaluate a function call which has no arguments.

### What changes are included in this PR?
Check empty for call.arguments before we evaluate arguments as literal in FoldConstants.

### Are these changes tested?
Yes.

### Are there any user-facing changes?
No.

* GitHub Issue: #40395

Lead-authored-by: hugo.zhang <hugo.zhang@openpie.com>
Co-authored-by: ZhangHuiGui <hugo.zhang@openpie.com>
Signed-off-by: Benjamin Kietzman <bengilgit@gmail.com>