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ARROW-16913: [Java] Implement ArrowArrayStream (#13465)

Implements ArrowArrayStream for Java. The equivalent Java-side interface chosen is ArrowReader.

Also:
- Fixes a couple of JDK9 compatibility issues I ran into. I _think_ these will not normally affect people except during development (I think because I was mixing IntelliJ and Maven).
- Manually clang-format the C++ code. Clean up some things to match Arrow convention and remove some unused declarations.
- Extends the DictionaryProvider interface. This is a potentially breaking change; we could make the method default (and raise an exception) instead.

Authored-by: David Li <li.davidm96@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Alessandro Molina <amol@turbogears.org>