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GH-39864: [C++] DataType::ToString support optionally show metadata (#39888)

### Rationale for this change

Support showing metadata of  nested DataType which have child fields.

### What changes are included in this PR?

Add an optional argument "show_metadata" to the ToString() of DataType and other DataType derived class. And we also  add it to TypeHolder::ToString().

### Are these changes tested?

Yes, I add tests for changes.

### Are there any user-facing changes?
No.

Closes: #39864
* Closes: #39864

Lead-authored-by: xiansen.chen <xiansen.chen@openpie.com>
Co-authored-by: Antoine Pitrou <antoine@python.org>
Signed-off-by: Antoine Pitrou <antoine@python.org>