arrow

ARROW-17953: [Archery] Add archery docker info command (#14345)

Some usage examples:

```
$ archery docker info debian-go-cgo --show command
Service debian-go-cgo docker compose config:
 - command: /bin/bash -c "
  /arrow/ci/scripts/go_build.sh /arrow &&
  /arrow/ci/scripts/go_test.sh /arrow"
```
or
```
$ archery docker info debian-go-cgo
Service debian-go-cgo docker compose config:
 - image: ${REPO}:${ARCH}-debian-${DEBIAN}-go-${GO}-cgo
 - build
  - context: .
  - dockerfile: ci/docker/debian-go-cgo.dockerfile
  - cache_from: ['${REPO}:${ARCH}-debian-${DEBIAN}-go-${GO}-cgo']
  - args
   - base: ${REPO}:${ARCH}-debian-${DEBIAN}-go-${GO}
 - shm_size: 2G
 - volumes: ['.:/arrow:delegated', '${DOCKER_VOLUME_PREFIX}debian-ccache:/ccache:delegated']
 - environment
  - ARROW_GO_TESTCGO: 1
 - command: /bin/bash -c "
  /arrow/ci/scripts/go_build.sh /arrow &&
  /arrow/ci/scripts/go_test.sh /arrow"
```
or
```
$ archery docker info ubuntu-cuda-cpp --show environment
Service ubuntu-cuda-cpp docker compose config:
 - environment
  - ARROW_BUILD_STATIC: OFF
  - ARROW_CUDA: ON
  - ARROW_GANDIVA: OFF
  - ARROW_GCS: OFF
  - ARROW_ORC: OFF
  - ARROW_S3: OFF
  - ARROW_SUBSTRAIT: OFF
  - ARROW_WITH_OPENTELEMETRY: OFF
  - CCACHE_COMPILERCHECK: content
  - CCACHE_COMPRESS: 1
  - CCACHE_COMPRESSLEVEL: 6
  - CCACHE_MAXSIZE: 1G
  - CCACHE_DIR: /ccache

```
_edited only the commands to reflect the change of the command --show_

Lead-authored-by: Raúl Cumplido <raulcumplido@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Antoine Pitrou <pitrou@free.fr>
Signed-off-by: Antoine Pitrou <antoine@python.org>