arrow

GH-40713: [Docs] Trim down ADBC page (#44313)



### Rationale for this change

Don't duplicate information across two docs sites.

### What changes are included in this PR?

Mostly replace the ADBC page with a link to the ADBC documentation.

### Are these changes tested?

N/A

### Are there any user-facing changes?

N/A
* GitHub Issue: #40713

Authored-by: David Li <li.davidm96@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: David Li <li.davidm96@gmail.com>