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ARROW-10643: [Python] Pandas<->pyarrow roundtrip failing to recreate index for empty dataframe

This PR tries to correct the roundtrip of an empty `pandas.DataFrame` with `RangeIndex` (so no columns, but a non-zero shape for the rows) by adding a check for empty columns and a `pandas.RangeIndex` in the `from_arrays` method called from `from_pandas` and then creating an empty table with schema and `num_rows`.

Closes #12311 from AlenkaF/ARROW-10643

Lead-authored-by: Alenka Frim <frim.alenka@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Alenka Frim <AlenkaF@users.noreply.github.com>
Signed-off-by: Joris Van den Bossche <jorisvandenbossche@gmail.com>