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GH-36233: [Packaging][Ubuntu] Add support for Ubuntu 23.04 (lunar) (#36238)

### Rationale for this change

Ubuntu 23.04 (Lunar Lobster) was released on April: https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Releases

> Version | Code name | Docs | Release | End of Standard Support | End of Life
> -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | --
> Ubuntu 23.04 | Lunar Lobster | Release Notes | April 20, 2023 | January 2024 | January 2024

### What changes are included in this PR?

Add support for Ubuntu 23.04

### Are these changes tested?

Yes, crossbow.

### Are there any user-facing changes?

Yes
* Closes: #36233

Lead-authored-by: Raúl Cumplido <raulcumplido@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Sutou Kouhei <kou@cozmixng.org>
Signed-off-by: Sutou Kouhei <kou@clear-code.com>