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GH-43393: [C++][Parquet] parquet-dump-footer: Remove redundant link and fix --debug processing (#43375)

### Rationale for this change

* We don't need to link to `libarrow` explicitly because `parquet_shared`/`parquet_static` does it automatically
* `--help` shows `--debug` but the implementation accepts `--json` not `--debug`

### What changes are included in this PR?

* Remove the redundant `libarrow` link
* Accept `--debug` not `--json`

### Are these changes tested?

Manually.

### Are there any user-facing changes?

Yes.

* GitHub Issue: #43393

Authored-by: Alkis Evlogimenos <alkis.evlogimenos@databricks.com>
Signed-off-by: Sutou Kouhei <kou@clear-code.com>