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ARROW-15334: [CI][GLib][Windows] Use Ruby 3.1

RubyInstaller bundles libintl-8.dll but libintl-8.dll's ABI in MSYS2 is changed since
mingw-w64-x86_64-gettext 0.21-1. It requires DllMain() but bundled libintl-8.dll doesn't
provide DllMain() yet. So we build glib2 gem that depends on gettext with new gettext,
we need to use new libintl-8.dll too. But bundled libintl-8.dll is used.

Ruby 3.1 based RubyInstaller doesn't bundle libintl-8.dll. So we can avoid this error
by using Ruby 3.1.

The next Ruby 3.0 based RubyInstaller release will bundle new libintl-8.dll. So it will
be solved eventually.

Closes #12165 from kou/ci-ruby

Authored-by: Sutou Kouhei <kou@clear-code.com>
Signed-off-by: Krisztián Szűcs <szucs.krisztian@gmail.com>