arrow

GH-40221: [C++][CMake] Use arrow/util/config.h.cmake instead of add_definitions() (#40222)

### Rationale for this change

It's easy to maintain.

### What changes are included in this PR?

Use `#cmakedefine` in `cpp/src/arrow/util/config.h.cmake` and `#include "arrow/util/config.h"` instead of `add_definition(...)`.

### Are these changes tested?

Yes.

### Are there any user-facing changes?

No.
* GitHub Issue: #40221

Authored-by: Sutou Kouhei <kou@clear-code.com>
Signed-off-by: Sutou Kouhei <kou@clear-code.com>