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ARROW-13530: [C++] Implement cumulative sum compute function

Creating new compute function to perform a cumulative sum on a given array/vector.

Closes #12460 from JabariBooker/ARROW-13530

Lead-authored-by: JabariBooker <o.jabari.booker@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Eduardo Ponce <edponce00@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Jabari Booker <o.jabari.booker@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Jabari Booker <booker.oronde@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Antoine Pitrou <antoine@python.org>