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GH-35538: [C++] Remove unnecessary status.h include from protobuf (#35673)

### Rationale for this change

Newer versions of protobuf use `absl::Status` instead of `google::protobuf::util::Status`. The status variables in this file are type-annotated with `auto` and we can count on the header that declares the status-returning function we are calling to have included the header that defines `Status`.

### What changes are included in this PR?

Removing an include of a protobuf header that don't exist in later versions of the library.

### Are these changes tested?

I haven't tried building with protobuf 23, but I can be sure this specifically fixes the problem reported in #35538.

Authored-by: Felipe Oliveira Carvalho <felipekde@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Weston Pace <weston.pace@gmail.com>