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GH-39363: [C++] Use Cast() instead of CastTo() for Parquet  (#39364)



### Rationale for this change

Remove legacy code

### What changes are included in this PR?

Replace the legacy scalar CastTo implementation for Parquet.

### Are these changes tested?

Yes. It is passed by existing all test cases for Parquet.

### Are there any user-facing changes?

Maybe, Yes. 

There is a dependency on the Parquet schema that the user handles. There may be a problem if the user has to deal with a type for which Casting is not implemented. However, in this case, it should be treated as a new issue with an implementation that improves the `Cast` compute kernel.

* Closes: #39363

Authored-by: Hyunseok Seo <hsseo0501@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: mwish <maplewish117@gmail.com>