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ARROW-12104: [Go][Parquet] Second chunk of Ported Go Parquet code

Following up from #9671 this is the next chunk of ported code consisting of the generated Thrift Code and the utilities for supporting Encryption, Compression and Reader/Writer Property handling.

Thankfully this is much smaller than the previous chunk, and so should be much easier to review and read.

Closes #9817 from zeroshade/arrow-12104

Authored-by: Matthew Topol <mtopol@factset.com>
Signed-off-by: Micah Kornfield <emkornfield@gmail.com>